The realization that the success of organizations is inextricably linked to qualified and motivated employees is neither new nor particularly controversial. However, how organizations can recruit, integrate, develop, and retain these employees in the long term is less obvious and presents organizations with greater challenges than ever before. This is where the subject of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior comes in. The subject is interdisciplinary and is characterized in particular by a combination of strategic and behavioral science perspectives. It is based on psychological and social psychological theories that contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence employee behavior, cooperation, and work performance. Building on this, the field of research develops recommendations for the development and implementation of human resource management strategies, structures, processes, and practices. In particular, it discusses the conditions under which human resource management activities contribute to the success of organizations and form the basis for competitive advantages.